Friday, April 27, 2012

THE FUTURE OF BODY ARMOR post by Matthew Ocheltree

The body armor systems used today by both law enforcement and the military are bulky and cumbersome systems that have relied on the same technology since the 1980s. The two main components of body armor are the ballistic vest itself and trauma plates.

The vest, itself is lined with various types of fabrics in various weaves in layers to spread the impact energy over a larger surface area and increase the time of the impulse (I = F * t).  The most popular fabric is Kevlar 29, a polymer aramid fiber developed by DuPont and used in high strength applications. Other materials include Dyneema, Gold Flex, Spectra and the infamous Dragon Skin. These materials in application can generally stop up to a pistol round successfully.
The ceramic plates are used as an additional layer of protection added in as a layer of the vest to protect from high energy rifle rounds. These plates are composed of either a ceramic (boron carbide or silicon carbide ceramic) with a spall protection liner on the back.

These two systems combined can prevent serious injuries from most common small arms and rifle cartridges in the world today. The issue is that these systems are extremely heavy and currently require tradeoffs between a higher level of protection and weight and flexibility. Modern ceramic plates themselves weigh anywhere from 3 to 7 pounds each (Small to Extra Large). With a full set of plates and a vest, the user will be carrying about 30 pounds of weight in addition to what else is required to safely work.
Body armor coverage is also an issue. Standard ballistic plates used for the US Army provide around a 10”x12” area of protection for the front and rear and 6”x8”. This means that any sort of round directed in any other area that is more powerful than the fabric will penetrate the armor. While attachments exist for the groin, shoulders and neck on military grade vests, these can only provide the level of protection that the fabric can.

Another issue is being bulletproof versus stab-proof. The initial viewing of this argument may lead to the assumption that if it’s bulletproof that it must be stab proof. This is not the case because of the weave of the fabric used. As seen in the following video (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYIWfn2Jz2g&feature=related) the Kevlar weave “windows” and allows the improvised blade to penetrate with little resistance. The solution to this is shown is a sheer thickening fluid, and when applied as seen in the video drastically changes the way that the Kevlar interacts with the point.
This type of materials development can potentially lead to lighter, more flexible and more protective body armor for the future.




4 comments:

  1. I saw this article on "HowStuffWorks"

    The Kevlar needs to be soaked in these two fluids that allow the vest to be liquid like in movement, until something strikes the vest directly. Shear-Thickening Fluid is the material that helps allow this to happen, the fluid is a colloid, which means that the particles have repelling forces. When a large force acts upon them the repelling forces are overwhelmed and they stick together forming masses called hydroclusters. The other fluid used in body armor is made of silica particles suspended in polyethylene glycol, its a form of nanotechnology because the particles sizes are so small.

    Kind of cool how the some of the strongest material for body armor we have is made strong because of liquid.

    http://science.howstuffworks.com/liquid-body-armor1.htm

    ReplyDelete
  2. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  3. I think this is an interesting topic. I'm sure the US military is developing body armor technology but I'm not sure how many of their inventions and any other info they would actually release to the general public. I'm sure they are very top secret in their development, so it might be hard to present an entirely updated report on this technology, but I could be wrong.

    ReplyDelete
  4. It is interesting that a body armor have the risk of being stabbed through. This example shows the importance of combine different materials. It remains me of the invention of strong glass. It was because a chemist let a solution coated on a container and dropped it by mistake. He find out it is not as easy to break as a glass.

    ReplyDelete